Dermatitis Explained: Causes, Symptoms & Best Skincare Tips

Dermatitis is a condition that’s common but quite misunderstood; it affects millions of people in the UK and the USA at any point in time. It causes inflammation, irritation, and discomfort, impacting day-to-day life. Dermatitis is not contagious, but it can be irritating to manage. This article will explain what dermatitis is, what causes it, common signs and symptoms, and evidence-based skincare suggestions from a scientific standpoint to lessen symptoms and support skin recovery.

What is Dermatitis?

Dermatitis is a broad term for skin inflammation from different triggers such as genetics, allergens, and environmental factors. A 2018 study has indicated that skin barrier dysfunction is a key problem in dermatitis, particularly atopic dermatitis. A 2023 study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology found that mutations in the Filaggrin (FLG) gene cause the skin to lose moisture and be more vulnerable to environmental irritants and allergens.

Types of Dermatitis (Not Just Eczema!)

There are various types with different causes:

Atopic (Eczema)

It is common in children and is associated with asthma and allergies.

Read More Here: Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): Causes, Treatments & Remedies

Contact

Caused by allergens such as fragrances, nickel, or harsh detergents.

Seborrheic

It is unusual because it is caused by an overproduction of Malassezia yeast, a common organism that lives on the scalp (causing dandruff) or face.

Nummular

Appear as coin-shaped patches due to dry skin or irritants.

Stasis

Usually seen in older adults due to poor blood circulation.

What Causes Dermatitis? Science-Backed Insights

Several factors are associated with dermatitis, but recent studies identify three main causes:

1. Genetics & Immune System Overreaction

A study shows that mutations in the FLG (Filaggrin) gene are highly associated with eczema and dermatitis. Such mutations decrease the skin’s ability to hold moisture, increasing sensitivity to allergens and irritants. The study noted a higher occurrence of these mutations in those living in northern latitudes, suggesting the possibility of an environmental contributor.

2. Environmental & Lifestyle Triggers

Many common irritants can include pollution, household chemicals, extreme temperatures, and stress. According to a 2021 study published in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, environmental factors such as higher outdoor temperatures, water hardness, urban locations, pollution, and smoking appear to be linked to an increased risk of atopic dermatitis.

3. Gut-Skin Connection

Did you know gut health can affect dermatitis? A 2024 systematic review published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine observed that people with atopic dermatitis tend to have an imbalanced gut microbiota, potentially leading to skin inflammation and immune dysregulation. Probiotics and a healthy diet help to restore gut balance and may improve skin health.

Dermatitis Symptoms: What to Look Out For

The symptoms can vary from mild discomfort to severe inflammation.

• Red, inflamed skin
• Itching (may be very severe at night)
• Dry, cracked, or scaly patches on the skin
• Blisters, oozing lesions (in very severe cases)
• Thickened skin is associated with long-term scratching.

Dermatitis vs. Eczema: A Dermatologist’s Cheat Sheet

Factor	Dermatitis	Eczema
Triggers	External (soaps, metals)	Internal (genes, immune)
Body Parts	Hands, eyelids	Elbows, knees, cheeks
Quick Fix	Remove irritant	Requires long-term management

Best Skincare for Dermatitis: Dermatologist-Recommended Tips

Managing dermatitis depends upon improving the skin barrier and reducing inflammation.

1. Choose a Gentle, Non-Irritating Cleanser

A study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology recommended a sulfate- and fragrance-free alternative to a traditional cleanser and observed that foaming cleansers strip natural skin oils.

Best For The UK – La Roche-Posay Lipikar Syndet AP Cleanser

Best For The USA – CeraVe Hydrating Facial Cleanser

2. Moisturize with Barrier-Repairing Ingredients

Moisturize With Barrier Repairing Ingredients: Ceramides, colloidal oatmeal, and hyaluronic acid are all ingredients known to soothe inflammation and moisturize the skin.

In the UK: Aveeno Dermexa Daily Emollient Cream in the UK

In the USA: Eucerin Eczema Relief Cream in the USA

3. Use an Anti-Inflammatory Treatment

Studies have shown that niacinamide (vitamin B3) reduces redness other topical options, such as azelaic acid, help with both inflammation and texture.

There are prescription options for inflammation as well, such as topical steroids or calcineurin inhibitor samples that can aid in more severe acne flare-ups.

For more severe dermatitis, topical steroids or calcineurin inhibitors (e.g., tacrolimus or protopic) may be used.

4. Protect Your Skin Barrier with SPF

UV exposure may exacerbate symptoms of skin inflammation. A physical sunscreen containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide is best.

Best for Dermatitis: Ultra Violette Clean Screen SPF 30 in the UK

Best for Dermatitis: EltaMD UV Clear SPF 46 in the USA

Dermatitis Relief: Home Remedies That Work (Backed by Science)

These natural remedies have scientific backing for relief:

Green Tea Compress – Rich in polyphenols, proven to reduce inflammation

Colloidal Oatmeal Baths – Helps repair the skin barrier.

Aloe Vera Gel – Anti-inflammatory properties calm redness and irritation.

Dietary Considerations for Managing Dermatitis

New studies indicate that diet relates to the treatment of eczema and other dermatitis. Adding more anti-inflammatory foods and some nutrients can help improve symptoms:

​Fiber

Increases gut health and decreases inflammation. ​

Vitamin D

Regulates the immune system and spills infections. ​

Vitamin E

An antioxidant that supports the health of the skin and may prevent development of eczema. ​

Zinc

Helps with skin barrier function and immune response. ​

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

These are in fatty fish; they can decrease inflammation. ​

Final Thoughts

Dealing with dermatitis can be frustrating, but using evidence-based skincare and managing triggers can help control flare-ups to be controlled. Prioritize gentle cleansing, deep hydration, barrier protection, and lifestyle alterations for healthy skin.